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LEG COMPARTMENT MUSCLES FULL

Unfortunately, acute CS most often occurs in the anterior compartment of lower legs. The foot and ankle are major weight-bearing structures in daily activities. Traumatic injuries such as fracture and crush-type injury are the main etiologies of CS, while other types of injury, such as ischemia-reperfusion injury after revascularization, posttraumatic arterial and venous thrombosis, tight splint, usages of tourniquet and shock trousers, snake bites and even drug injection, could also induce CS. ConclusionĪcute compartment syndrome and sequential complications could be managed using a number of medical procedures.Īcute compartment syndrome (CS) is a clinical complication that, although uncommon, is seen rather regularly in medical practice. All the patients resumed weight-bearing walking and daily exercises. For patients with serious complications, a number of medical measures, including installation of Ilizarov external frames, arthrodesis, osteotomy fusion, arthroplasty, or tendon lengthening surgery, were performed to achieve satisfactory clinical outcomes. In the early stage, each patient received systemic support and wound debridement to promote wound healing. ResultsĪll patients had necrotic muscles and nerves, damaged vascular, and severe foot deformities.

LEG COMPARTMENT MUSCLES FULL

The protocols combining early management and the correction of deformities were adjusted in order to attempt to enable full recovery of all patients. MethodsĤ6 patients with acute compartment syndrome were enrolled, including 8 cases with serious complications, between January 2008 and December 2012. Compartment syndrome is most common in lower leg and may lead to permanent injury to the muscle and nerves if left untreated. This forms the roof of the cubital fossa and blends with the deep fascia of the anterior forearm.Acute compartment syndrome occurs when pressure within a compartment increases and affects the function of the muscle and tissues after an injury. They are all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. A good memory aid for this is BBC - biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis.Īs the tendon of biceps brachii enters the forearm, a connective tissue sheet is given off - the bicipital aponeurosis. There are three muscles located in the anterior compartment of the upper arm - biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis. In this article, we shall look at the anatomy of the muscles of the upper arm - their attachments, innervation and actions. It contains four muscles - three in the anterior compartment (biceps brachii, brachialis, coracobrachialis), and one in the posterior compartment (triceps brachii). The upper arm is located between the shoulder joint and elbow joint. Innervation: Musculocutaneous nerve, with contributions from the radial nerve.Attachments: Originates from the medial and lateral surfaces of the humeral shaft and inserts into the ulnar tuberosity, just distal to the elbow joint.

The brachialis muscle lies deep to the biceps brachii, and is found more distally than the other muscles of the arm.

Function: Flexion of the arm at the shoulder, and weak adduction.

The muscle passes through the axilla, and attaches the medial side of the humeral shaft, at the level of the deltoid tubercle.

Attachments: Originates from the coracoid process of the scapula.

The coracobrachialis muscle lies deep to the biceps brachii in the arm. The bicep tendon reflex tests spinal cord segment C6. It also flexes the arm at the elbow and at the shoulder. Both heads insert distally into the radial tuberosity and the fascia of the forearm via the bicipital aponeurosis.

Attachments: Long head originates from the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, and the short head originates from the coracoid process of the scapula.

This forms the roof of the cubital fossa and blends with the deep fascia of the anterior forearm. Although the majority of the muscle mass is located anteriorly to the humerus, it has no attachment to the bone itself.Īs the tendon of biceps brachii enters the forearm, a connective tissue sheet is given off – the bicipital aponeurosis. The biceps brachii is a two-headed muscle. They are all innervated by the musculocutaneous nerve. A good memory aid for this is BBC – biceps, brachialis, coracobrachialis.Īrterial supply to the anterior compartment of the upper arm is via muscular branches of the brachial artery.

There are three muscles located in the anterior compartment of the upper arm – biceps brachii, coracobrachialis and brachialis.